凝胶电泳是一种常用的实验室技术，具有许多实际应用，包括DNA指纹图谱和基因组测序。该过程涉及使用电流分离DNA片段，同时跟踪通过过滤凝胶的分子运动速率。
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将琼脂糖添加到水和盐的缓冲溶液中，并将混合物加热和冷却以制成多孔凝胶，该凝胶将在电泳过程中充当过滤基质。然后将凝胶置于电泳仪中，并用导电的缓冲溶液覆盖。
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