生物化学家和分子生物学家使用电泳仪来分离大分子，例如蛋白质和核酸。这使科学家能够分离和分析复杂混合物中的单个蛋白质或核酸序列。实验室中电泳的一个典型例子是微生物学家，使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）分离微生物群落中产生的DNA片段。无论目的如何，电泳仪始终需要使用缓冲液。
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